Fluorapatite with Topaz, Fluorite

specimen number:
9530009

location:
Panasqueira Mine, Covilha, Castelo Branco, Portugal

description:

Lustrous pale pink translucent crystals of fluorapatite to almost 3.5 cm in size across the top of this crystallized topaz matrix, the topaz crystals pale blue glassy and translucent measuring to 0.6 cm in size. Crystals of cubic fluorite to 0.7 cm on edge present as well. A wonderful combination piece in outstanding condition. 

The Panasqueira Mine, located in the Beira Baixa province of central Portugal, is one of the most significant tungsten deposits in the world. Geologically, it is a classic example of a hydrothermal vein system associated with a hidden granite intrusion known as the Panasqueira greisen. The mineralization occurs within an extensive network of near-horizontal quartz veins that cross-cut Precambrian schists and shales. These veins were formed by high-pressure fluids during the Variscan orogeny, depositing world-class specimens of wolframite, cassiterite, and large, well-formed crystals of fluorapatite, arsenopyrite, and siderite. Historically, the deposit was discovered in the late 19th century, with formal mining operations beginning around 1896. The mine gained international strategic importance during World War I and World War II as a primary source of tungsten for the Allied forces. Throughout the 20th century and into the 21st, the mine has seen various owners, including Beralt Tin and Wolfram and currently Almonty Industries, remaining in near-continuous operation for over 125 years. It continues to be a major industrial producer and a legendary locality for mineral collectors worldwide.

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