Galena with Dolomite

specimen number:
2102261

location:
Smallcleugh Mine, Alston Moor, Cumbria, England, UK

description:
Classic British specimen with semi lustrous cubic crystals of galena to 1.5 cm in size across the top of matrix with crystallized dolomite. Slight damage present, all of the prominent crystals are in good condition.

The Smallcleugh Mine, situated within the Alston Moor district of the North Pennines in Cumbria, England, is a classic example of a Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) lead-zinc deposit. Geologically, the mine targets mineralized veins and replacement bodies, known as flats, within the Carboniferous Great Limestone, where hydrothermal fluids deposited galena, sphalerite, and a variety of carbonate minerals. The site is particularly famous among mineralogists for its exceptional specimens of "fluor-witherite" and complex baryte formations found within its extensive underground workings. Historically, Smallcleugh was a major producer during the 18th and 19th centuries, with significant development led by the London Lead Company starting around 1770. The mine reached its peak production in the mid-1800s and remained active intermittently until the early 20th century. Today, it is highly regarded as one of the best-preserved examples of Victorian-era mine engineering, and while commercial mining has long since ceased, it remains a premier destination for historical research and mineralogical study due to its accessible and well-preserved "flats."

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